8/31/2023 0 Comments Sharpkeys 3.9![]() First of all, what even is an executable? An executable is a special type of file that contains machine instructions (ones and zeros), and running this file causes the computer to perform those instructions. ![]() Compiling is the process of turning our C program files into an executable. Here is a concrete example (drawn heavily from this article, which goes into much greater detail about the memory map in C). Suppose we want to compile a C program contained in hello.c. Preprocessing is the first pass of any C compilation.The compilation process involves four stages and utilizes different ‘tools’ such as a preprocessor, compiler, assembler, and linker in order to create a final executable. It removes comments, expands include-files and macros, and processes conditional compilation instructions. It takes the output of the preprocessor, and the source code, and generates assembler source code ( hello.s). Assembly is the third stage of compilation.Assembly language is a low-level programming language (even lower than C) that is still human-readable but consists of mnemonic instructions that have strong correspondence to machine instructions. ![]() Linking is the final stage of compilation.It takes the assembly source code and produces an object file hello.o, which contains actual machine instructions and symbols (e.g., function names) that are no longer human-readable since they are in bits. It takes one or more object files or libraries as input and combines them to produce a single (usually executable) file.
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